Search by what the work actually is

Biology, Biotechnology & Bio-Nano Systems

The division's scientific direction and the hardest problems at the biology-engineering boundary.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^-3 m

Molecular biology to the level of explaining how a measurement in an assay relates to the underlying biology. · Has analysed a real biological dataset and stated its batch effects or confounders. · Statistics for biological data: multiple testing, effect size, and why a significant result can be meaningless. · Python or R for bioinformatics, with a reproducible pipeline. + 4 more

Energy, Environment & Climate Materials

The division's scientific direction and its hardest materials problems.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^6 m

Can relate an electrochemical measurement to the underlying process, and say what the measurement cannot distinguish. · Thermodynamics to the level of an energy balance over a real system. · Has analysed cycling or performance data and reported degradation rather than a best cycle. · Python for analysis of experimental or simulated energy data. + 4 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

The division's technical direction and the hardest problems in resilient large-scale systems.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

The department's hardest problems in carrying behaviour across scales.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Biology, Biotechnology & Bio-Nano Systems

Several bio-nano programmes at once, and the ethics and safety discipline across all of them.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^-3 m

Molecular biology to the level of explaining how a measurement in an assay relates to the underlying biology. · Has analysed a real biological dataset and stated its batch effects or confounders. · Statistics for biological data: multiple testing, effect size, and why a significant result can be meaningless. · Python or R for bioinformatics, with a reproducible pipeline. + 4 more

Energy, Environment & Climate Materials

Several energy programmes at once, and the conditions-with-every-figure discipline across them.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^6 m

Can relate an electrochemical measurement to the underlying process, and say what the measurement cannot distinguish. · Thermodynamics to the level of an energy balance over a real system. · Has analysed cycling or performance data and reported degradation rather than a best cycle. · Python for analysis of experimental or simulated energy data. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Several mechanical programmes at once, and the analysis standard applied across them.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

Several structural programmes at once, and the checking discipline applied across them.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 4 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

Instrumented structures: what to measure, where, and what the measurement is worth.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 5 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

Real sensor data from a structure analysed, including what the sensor placement cannot detect.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 4 more

Aerospace, Space & Extreme Environment Engineering

A mission concept analysed to first-order budgets, with the binding constraint identified.

Scale 10^3 m to 10^13 m

Orbital mechanics: can propagate a two-body orbit and explain what perturbs it. · Has run an engineering analysis for a system with mass, power and thermal constraints that trade against each other. · Understands the space environment: vacuum, radiation, thermal cycling, and what each does to hardware. · Python for mission and systems analysis. + 4 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

A structural analysis carried out and independently cross-checked by a second method.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 4 more

Civil, Structural & Macro-Scale Systems

Whole structural systems and their load paths, including the abnormal cases.

Scale 10^0 m to 10^6 m

Can analyse a statically indeterminate structure and check the result by an independent method. · Structural analysis: load paths, limit states, and why a code has both. · Has run a structural finite element model and validated it against hand calculation. · Construction materials: concrete, steel, and the time-dependent behaviour of each. + 4 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

Property prediction and screening for the materials divisions, with false-positive rates reported.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^-6 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 6 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

A scientific prediction task with a proper held-out split and a classical baseline reported beside the model.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 6 more

Mathematics & Computational Foundations

Whole modelling problems from other divisions: formulation, analysis, and an honest statement of validity.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Can state and use the definition of convergence for a numerical scheme, not just cite the order. · Linear algebra to the level of conditioning, decompositions and why an ill-conditioned problem is not a bug in the solver. · Real analysis: limits, continuity, and what makes a problem well-posed. · Has implemented a numerical method from a paper and verified its convergence order empirically. + 5 more

Mathematics & Computational Foundations

A modelling question from another division formulated mathematically and checked for well-posedness.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Can state and use the definition of convergence for a numerical scheme, not just cite the order. · Linear algebra to the level of conditioning, decompositions and why an ill-conditioned problem is not a bug in the solver. · Real analysis: limits, continuity, and what makes a problem well-posed. · Has implemented a numerical method from a paper and verified its convergence order empirically. + 5 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

The computation another division needs, made correct, fast enough, and reproducible.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 6 more

Mathematics & Computational Foundations

Where the mathematics and the machine meet: conditioning, floating point, and what the computed answer is worth.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Can state and use the definition of convergence for a numerical scheme, not just cite the order. · Linear algebra to the level of conditioning, decompositions and why an ill-conditioned problem is not a bug in the solver. · Real analysis: limits, continuity, and what makes a problem well-posed. · Has implemented a numerical method from a paper and verified its convergence order empirically. + 5 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

The simulations themselves, and the evidence that each one has converged.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

A finite element problem set up from scratch and verified against a closed-form solution.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

Twins of real systems, with a written statement of what each one represents and where it stops being valid.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^6 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 6 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

Making the department's workloads run at scale, with measured scaling curves rather than claims.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 9 more

Computer Science, AI & Scientific Computing

Parallelising one real workload and reporting the measured speed-up and where it stopped scaling.

Scale 10^-100 m to 10^100 m

Fluent in Python, and able to write code somebody else can read, test and extend. · Data structures and algorithms to the level of choosing correctly and justifying the choice. · Comfortable on Linux, and with Git as a working tool rather than a save button. · Has written tests for numerical code and can explain what a tolerance in a test means. + 6 more