Search by what the work actually is

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

The department's hardest problems in carrying behaviour across scales.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Several mechanical programmes at once, and the analysis standard applied across them.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Aerospace, Space & Extreme Environment Engineering

A mission concept analysed to first-order budgets, with the binding constraint identified.

Scale 10^3 m to 10^13 m

Orbital mechanics: can propagate a two-body orbit and explain what perturbs it. · Has run an engineering analysis for a system with mass, power and thermal constraints that trade against each other. · Understands the space environment: vacuum, radiation, thermal cycling, and what each does to hardware. · Python for mission and systems analysis. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

The simulations themselves, and the evidence that each one has converged.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

A finite element problem set up from scratch and verified against a closed-form solution.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Designs that get made: manufacturable, tolerated, and analysed against a written specification.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

One mechanical analysis carried out with a mesh convergence study and an analytic cross-check.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

Micro and nanoelectromechanical structures, from multiphysics model to a characterised part.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Carrying one material property from the scale it is measured at up to a system-level prediction.

Scale 10^-9 m to 10^0 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

Optical and photonic components, designed and characterised against an optical budget.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 7 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Where tolerance, thermal drift and metrology decide whether a mechanism works at all.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^0 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 5 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

The division's technical direction and the hardest problems between a model and a manufacturable part.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

The fabrication flow with partner facilities: integration, variation, and yield-limiting steps.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 7 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

Robotic systems built and tested, including the failure behaviour rather than only the nominal one.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 6 more

Mechanical, Robotics & Multi-Scale Systems

A robotic subsystem modelled and controlled in simulation, with the controller's limits characterised.

Scale 10^-3 m to 10^3 m

Can draw a free-body diagram for a real assembly and derive its governing equations. · Solid mechanics: stress, strain, failure criteria, and which criterion applies to which material. · Has run a finite element analysis and carried out a mesh convergence study on it. · CAD to the level of producing a manufacturable part, not just a picture. + 4 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

What this division builds, who builds it, and the rule that simulated and fabricated are never conflated.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

Several device programmes at once, and the specification discipline applied across them.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more

Materials & Advanced Matter

Two-dimensional materials, where the substrate and the edges determine most of what is measured.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^-7 m

Can relate a crystal structure to at least one measurable property and explain the mechanism. · Reads a phase diagram and can say what happens on cooling through a boundary. · Has analysed real characterisation data — diffraction, microscopy or mechanical testing — and stated its uncertainty. · Python for data analysis over a materials dataset. + 4 more

Materials & Advanced Matter

A scoped review of one advanced-material class, separating measured properties from computed ones.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^0 m

Can relate a crystal structure to at least one measurable property and explain the mechanism. · Reads a phase diagram and can say what happens on cooling through a boundary. · Has analysed real characterisation data — diffraction, microscopy or mechanical testing — and stated its uncertainty. · Python for data analysis over a materials dataset. + 4 more

Materials & Advanced Matter

What this division searches for, who searches, and the rule that a prediction is labelled a prediction.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^0 m

Can relate a crystal structure to at least one measurable property and explain the mechanism. · Reads a phase diagram and can say what happens on cooling through a boundary. · Has analysed real characterisation data — diffraction, microscopy or mechanical testing — and stated its uncertainty. · Python for data analysis over a materials dataset. + 4 more

Molecular Engineering & Computational Chemistry

Electronic-structure calculations that answer a question the division actually has, at a defensible level of theory.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^-7 m

Can explain what a basis set is, and what changes when you change one. · Has run a geometry optimisation and can say how convergence was judged. · Understands the difference between a force field and an electronic-structure calculation, and when each is appropriate. · Thermodynamics to the level of relating a free energy difference to an equilibrium constant. + 4 more

Materials & Advanced Matter

The calculations: which level of theory, how convergence was tested, what the number is worth.

Scale 10^-10 m to 10^0 m

Can relate a crystal structure to at least one measurable property and explain the mechanism. · Reads a phase diagram and can say what happens on cooling through a boundary. · Has analysed real characterisation data — diffraction, microscopy or mechanical testing — and stated its uncertainty. · Python for data analysis over a materials dataset. + 4 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

The device as built: characterisation, failure analysis, and why measured differs from simulated.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more

Semiconductors, Electronics & Micro/Nano Systems

A circuit designed to a written specification, simulated, and checked by hand calculation.

Scale 10^-6 m to 10^-3 m

Can derive or explain the current-voltage characteristic of a diode or a MOSFET from device physics. · Has simulated a circuit in SPICE and compared the result against a hand calculation. · Semiconductor physics: carriers, doping, band structure, junctions. · Can read a datasheet and identify the conditions a specification was measured under. + 5 more